C++ keywords

 

C++

Language

Standard library headers

Concepts

Utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Algorithms library

Iterators library

Numerics library

Input/output library

Localizations library

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Atomic operations library (C++11)

Thread support library (C++11)

 

C++ language

General topics
Preprocessor Comments Keywords	Escape sequences History of C++
Flow control
Conditional execution statements
if statement	switch statement
Iteration statements
for loop range-for loop (C++11)	while loop do-while loop
Jump statements
continue statement break statement	goto statement return statement
Functions
function declaration
lambda function declaration
function template
inline specifier
exception specifications (deprecated)
noexcept specifier (C++11)
Exceptions
throw expression	try-catch block
Namespaces
namespace declaration	namespace aliases
Types
fundamental types compound types enumeration types	union types function types
decltype specifier (C++11)
Specifiers
cv specifiers
storage duration specifiers
constexpr specifier (C++11)
auto specifier (C++11)
alignas specifier (C++11)
Initialization
default initialization value initialization zero initialization copy initialization direct initialization	aggregate initialization list initialization (C++11) constant initialization reference initialization

Literals
integer literals character literals floating-point literals string literals	boolean literals nullptr (C++11) user-defined (C++11)
Expressions
value categories order of evaluation	operators operator precedence
alternative representations
Utilities
Types
typedef declaration
type alias declaration (C++11)
attributes (C++11)
Casts
implicit conversions
const_cast conversion
static_cast conversion
dynamic_cast conversion
reinterpret_cast conversion
C-style and functional cast
Memory allocation
new expression	delete expression
Classes
class declaration this pointer access specifiers	friend specifier initializer lists
Class-specific function properties
virtual function override specifier (C++11) final specifier (C++11)	explicit (C++11) static
Special member functions
default constructor copy constructor move constructor (C++11)	copy assignment move assignment (C++11) destructor
Templates
class template
function template
template specialization
parameter packs (C++11)
Miscellaneous
Inline assembly

 

C++ keywords

alignas (C++11) alignof (C++11) and and_eq asm auto bitand bitor bool break case catch char char16_t (C++11) char32_t (C++11) class compl const constexpr (C++11) const_cast continue decltype (C++11) default delete do double dynamic_cast else	enum explicit export extern false float for friend goto if inline int long mutable namespace new noexcept (C++11) not not_eq nullptr (C++11) operator or or_eq private protected public register reinterpret_cast	return short signed sizeof static static_assert (C++11) static_cast struct switch template this thread_local (C++11) throw true try typedef typeid typename union unsigned using virtual void volatile wchar_t while xor xor_eq
Identifiers with special meaning (since C++11)
override
final

 

This is a list of reserved keywords in C++. Since they are used by the language, these keywords are not available for re-definition or overloading.

alignas (since C++11) alignof (since C++11) and and_eq asm auto(1) bitand bitor bool break case catch char char16_t (since C++11) char32_t (since C++11) class compl const constexpr (since C++11) const_cast continue decltype (since C++11) default(1) delete(1) do double dynamic_cast else

enum explicit export(1) extern false float for friend goto if inline int long mutable namespace new noexcept (since C++11) not not_eq nullptr (since C++11) operator or or_eq private protected public register reinterpret_cast

return short signed sizeof static static_assert (since C++11) static_cast struct switch template this thread_local (since C++11) throw true try typedef typeid typename union unsigned using(1) virtual void volatile wchar_t while xor xor_eq

• (1) - meaning changed in C++11

Note that and, bitor, or, xor, compl, bitand, and_eq, or_eq, xor_eq, not, and not_eq (along with the digraphs <%, %>, <:, :>, %:, and %:%:) provide an alternative way to represent standard tokens.

In addition to keywords, there are two identifiers with special meaning, which may be used as names of objects or functions, but have special meaning in certain contexts.

override (C++11) final (C++11)

Also, each name that contains a double underscore __ or begins with an underscore followed by an uppercase letter is always reserved to the implementation and should not be used as an identifier.

Each name that begins with an underscore is reserved to the implementation for use as a name in the global namespace; such names may be used as identifiers in user-defined namespaces, as names of class members, etc.

The namespace std is used to place names of the standard C++ library. See Extending namespace std for the rules about adding names to it.

The name posix is reserved for a future top-level namespace. The behavior is undefined if a program declares or defines anything in that namespace.

(since C++11)

See also

C documentation for C keywords